U.S. Sugar Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

U.S. Sugar Policy - Research Paper Example This is due to subsidies, quotas, tariffs, and regulations. Through these measures, the U.S has been able to satisfy the demand of sugar for its domestic market, but the cost of this luxury is significant. The price of sugar has been always higher for American consumers, and due to the subsidies provided to American farmers, most if its sugar is yielded by inefficient methods of producing sugar. Human beings have cultivated and consumed sugar cane for more than a millennium, which means it has developed a crucial role in the economies of countries all over the world. Especially with increases in globalization, the role of sugar as an import and an export is growing. As such, sugarcane economics is necessary for a detailed analysis of the world economy that is becoming indispensable to sophisticated understandings of globalization. This paper will accomplish two goals: first, to define the players in the global sugarcane trade and their relationship to one another in the 21st century economic environment, and second, to discuss the alignment of United States sugar policy with its ideological and normative commitments to capitalism and free trade. In order to accomplish these two goals, one must conduct first a descriptive, or positive, economic analysis of what is actually occurring in the world at the current time, in addition to a normative, or values-based, analysis of th at descriptive data. In doing so, one can make confident predictions and firm recommendations for policy changes with respect to the major contributors in the sugarcane trade. A discussion of a worldwide market in the 21st century necessarily must approach the topic of globalization, which refers to the tendency of ideologies, businesses, and technologies to spread throughout the world. This produces what is termed as â€Å"globality†, or the completely interconnected marketplace that transcends the

A Tale of Two Cities Essay Example for Free

A Tale of Two Cities Essay Throughout well-known stories, authors tend to develop memorable characters in order to enhance the plot; although they may not always be portrayed in the most considerate manner. In Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities, he also uses such characters. First, Lucie’s role of over dramatic damsel in distress. Second, Miss Pross’ participation as the over protective mother figure. And third, Mme. Defarge as the bloodthirsty crazed villain. Through these characters, Dickens portrays women in the three most stereotypical demeanors: weak and fragile, a worrisome mother and a psychotic wife. Throughout the novel, Lucie is a feeble girl who cannot stand up to the hardships of life. â€Å"Perfectly still and silent, and not even fallen back in her chair, she sat under his hand, utterly insensible; with her eyes fixed upon him and with that last expression looking as if it were carved or branded in to her forehead† (Dickens 25). This is Lucie’s reaction to the news from Mr. Lorry that her father, presumed to be dead, has been found alive after spending eighteen years in the Bastille. Instead of a normal reaction of tears and joy, she is simply so stunned that she cannot even move; her expression of shock and fear is frozen upon her face. She reacts very similarly when she goes to meet  her father for the first time. Dickens writes, â€Å"Mr. Lorry got his arm securely round the daughter’s waist, and held that she was sinking†¦ ‘I am afraid of it’ she answered, shuddering. ‘Of it? What?’ ‘I mean of him. Of my father’ † (36). Of course it would be intimidating for her to meet her father for the first time in her life but she is on the verge of fainting a second time just from thinking about her father. She also does not even see him as human referring to him as â€Å"it†, not even wanting to approach her father. Finally, when her husband is taken away to prison, again she displays weakness, â€Å"As he went out at the prisoners’ door, she turned laid her head lovingly on her father’s breast, tried to speak to him and fell at his feet† (324). Yes it horrible to have her husband sentenced to death and is taken away to prison. But, she has a 6 year old daughter, she cannot give in to self-pity and weakness, it is the time for her to be strong not only for herself but for her daughter as well. It is important for her to see her mother strong and able to be there for her, but when she faints, her hope falls alongside her mother’s body. It seems Lucie has never had to really fight or be strong for anything in her life before. She acts like she always needs to rely upon someone else; she is very dependant upon others. Miss Pross’ role in the novel, although not very large, was nonetheless very important, especially for Lucie. Miss Pross was the mother figure in Lucie’s life, always caring for her and always nurturing her. When Lucie faints at the mention of her father, it is Miss Pross who is the first to her side: â€Å" ‘Why, look at you all!’ bawled this figure, addressing the inn servants. ‘Why don’t you go and fetch things, instead of standing there staring at me?†¦if you don’t bring smelling salts, cold water, and vinegar, quick, I  will’ † (26). She quickly takes charge of the situation and gives out orders in the same urgency as if it was her own daughter. It is also always Lucie for whom she is most concerned about: â€Å" ‘O me, O me! All is lost!’ cried she, wringing her hands. ‘What is to be told to Ladybird? He doesn’t know me, and is making shoes!’ † (187). Dr. Manette has a relapse and is no longer coherent. Miss Pross’ first concern is not restoring Dr. Manette back to health, but what the impact of seeing her father like this will do to Lucie. Finally, Miss Pross demonstrates her love for Lucie because she is willing to lay down her life for Lucie: â€Å" ‘I am a Briton,’ said Miss Pross, ‘I am desperate. I don’t care an English twopence for myself. I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my ladybird’ † (356). This demonstrates Miss Pross’ love for Lucie, risking her life in the hope that her sacrifice will keep Lucie safe. Miss Pross means well and is always looking out for Lucie and would do anything for her. However at times her actions are a bit eccentric. Finally, there is Mme Defarge, a very angry and vengeful woman. Mme Defarge takes it upon herself to make a register of all the nobility whom she proclaims as enemies to the revolution: â€Å" ‘Knitted in her own stiches and her own symbols, it will always be as plain to her as the sun. Confide in Madame Defarge. It would be easier for the weakest poltroon that lives, to erase himself from existence, than to erase one letter of his name of crimes from the knitted register of Madame Defarge’ † (166). This is M. Defarge explaining his wife’s register to others of the revolution, and saying that any who make it onto the register; will meet certain death. Not only does she register all  nobility in her knitting, but Mme Defarge also makes a point to remember the faces of anyone who is an enemy to the revolution: â€Å" ‘His appearance; is it known?’ ‘Age, about forty years; height, about five feet nine; black hair; complexion dark; generally, rather handsome visage; eyes dark, face thin, long and sallow; nose aquiline, but not straight, having a peculiar inclination towards the left cheek’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœIt is a portrait!’ said madame, laughing. ‘He shall be registered to-morrow’ † (171). Just from this short description, Mme Defarge already has a mental image of this man and even commits it to her memory. Finally, once she decides to kill someone, she will stop at nothing to kill them: â€Å" ‘I have been in the streets from the first, nothing has stopped me, I will tear you to pieces, but I will have you from that door’ † (356). This is Mme Defarge when she is confronting Miss Pross, telling her that she has been fighting in the streets for the revolution since day one, and nothing will keep her from killing Lucie as well. Mme Defarge’s rage and thirst for blood did greatly help the revolution. However, it became something that ultimately consumed her and turned her in to what she set out to destroy in the first place. It is through these characters that Dickens portrays women very unjustly. Lucie as delicate and flimsy, not being able to handle life’s hardships. Miss Pross as the overprotective mother, sometimes taking her job to the extreme. Mme Defarge as the crazed wife, always full of anger and violence. Even though women display these qualities from time to time, is it really fair to say that these traits define their whole character.

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The First Green Politician Essay

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt once stated, â€Å"A nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people.† As the thirty-second President of the United States, during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, Roosevelt recognized and addressed the need for conserving and protecting the nation’s natural resources. Roosevelt put forth the necessary effort to not only raise awareness, but also create a change in the literal ‘land’ of the free. When Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) became U.S. President in 1933, he sought out the advice of modern-thinking experts in many fields in an effort to improve the then current environmental state of his country. It was not only Roosevelt who greatly expected results from these efforts, but his fellow citizens as well. With his long-term passion for nature and interest in the science of forestry and resource management, Franklin D. Roosevelt was particularly shocked by the waste of American natural resources during a time in which his country had such great need. In his inaugural address, he stated his belief on this subject before his fellow citizens, "Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply." This man knew of the rich treasures that lie within the loams and rolling hills of our country. He understood the benefits of its wealth, if employed resourcefully. His initia tives sought to intelligently utilize these resources while creating jobs for out-of-work Americans. Roosevelt’s environmental policies incorporated the emerging field of ecology with federal policies to manage watersheds, maintain forests, teach agriculture, and hold fast the flying soils of the southern plains. The main force behind this federal action was derived from the national surge in unemployment. The economic collapse of 1929 left millions of American citizens incapable of making a living. These unfortunate financial setbacks were most evident in the American southern plains region. Terrible drought combined with economic difficulty made it practically impossible for many farms in the rural mid-western United States to produce. Residents of Oklahoma fled westward to California, creating resettlement problems on top of already ... ...ull of national and global changes in the 1930s, a man put forth the effort to preserve the ‘the fruited plains’ of his country. If not for the measures taken by him, the national and rural appreciation for our natural resources might have come much later. In the midst of World War II, an economic recession, and a paralytic illness of polio, this man noticed and fully understood the importance of a harmonious balance between the nation’s people and its soils. Works Cited Black, Brian. "Roosevelt, Franklin D.." The Encyclopedia of Earth. 22 Aug. 2008. Encyclopedia of Earth. 24 Nov. 2011 . CCC Legacy. 7 Apr. 2011.. Ermentrout, Robert A.. ""Forgotten Men: The Civilian Conservation Corps"." 1982: Miller, Perry H.. Roosevelt's Forest Army, A History of the Civilian Conservation Corps. 1981. Roosevelt, Franklin D.. "Roosevelt Quotes." Brainy Quote. 25 Nov. 2011. . Roosevelt, Franklin D.. "Roosevelt's Inaygural Address." PBS. 25 Nov. 2011. .

A Look into House Music :: House Music Disco Essays

A Look into House Music House music was first and foremost, the direct descendant of "Disco". Many older and wiser Chicago, New York and New Jersey House dj's will agree with me on this. They will acknowledged that fact that it was due to New York's, huge Disco club and music scene that helped to create the music of House and Garage and its culture within Chicago, Usa. Frankie Knuckles, the acknowledged "godfather" of Chicago house, got his start as a Dj via Manhattan, New York, Usa. Whilst there he was spinning Disco, Philly Soul records during the early 1970s with another legendary deejay figure, the late, great Larry Levan, New York. Disco, the music that everyone loves to "joke" about or "snigger" about had already been going on for 10 years when the first electronic drum tracks began to appear out of Chicago, Usa. A great Description of Disco can be explain to us like this. "The first days of Disco were filled with hope, and joy. The last days of Disco might seem very similar the fall of the Roman Empire". Disco music presided over a era of social change, such as War in Vietnam, the Oil Criss in the early 1970's, Economic recession, and also Improved social conditions with regards to the Black and Gay population within the Usa. Also Disco was the one music's that was to carry forward the ideas of the late 1960's "Hippy Philosophy" of "Making love not war". But with Disco music and culture it went onto carried on the Hippy philosophy of making love and not war - in more fun and acceptable way for one and all. If I do say so myself on a more grander and a more sophisticated level. On a musical tip, Disco, revoluntionise music as we used to view it. It also changed how we viewed club culture today around the world. Disco music and culture helped change how radio programing was to be done in the future, and lastly it had a important effect on how the balance of power in the music industry had between the small independent labels and the major labels records. By the end of its regin (*Disco music) was also responsible for the commericial creation of the 12 inch single to be made available for the general public and Dj's alike. The "remix"that has become standard practice within dance music, and a new set of studio techniques were available for imaginative dance music producers that heralded from the Disco Craze.

Argo review

Argo is a name of a movie which got Oscar for best movie in 2012. It has been done in Warner Bros production, with Ben Affleck as a director and George Clooney as a producer. It's a thriller (120min) full of surprises and unexpected events, so I would rate it 10/10 for the story. This thriller is about hostage extraction from Teheran in 1979 and it's based on a true story about a fake movie. During the Iranian diplomatic crisis, the CIA rescued six US diplomats by passing them off as members of aCanadian film crew who were scouting locations for a nonexistent sci-fi film. It tells the true story of some imaginative derring-do on the part of a brilliant and unorthodox CIA agent called Tony Mendez. As I already said I gave this movie 10/10 for the story, but the story is not completely true in some way. If you read the interview with the former US president Jimmy Carter, who was president at the time the crisis happened, you can see that not all is shown as it was.Carter openly admits hat 95% of the contributions to the ideas and the consummation of the plan was Canadian, but the movie gives almost all credits to CIA. Considering the acting, Argo is even bellow average in some cases because some actors in my opinion are Just too bad. If we take in consideration that Ben Affleck is a director and it is a Warner Bros production, I think that they should have found better actors. Except couple of main characters, acting is nothing special and I would not give more than 5/10 for it.You will not regret watching this movie, but you should try to find out more information about this incident before watching it, because it will help you to get better picture about situations in Iran. In my opinion the movie is not even close to Oscar, but it got it, probably because of the strong patriotism among US citizens and this story is exactly about that. All in all, this movie is a nice way to spend Saturday afternoon, but it definitely did not deserve an Oscar.

us a legitimate democracy essays

us a legitimate democracy essays In any system which claims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certain characteristics which prove its legitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without government intervention. Another necessary characteristic which legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas. Minority rights are also crucial in a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all people should enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should be made publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. Since "legitimacy" may be defined as "the feeling or opinion the people have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and that they should therefore obey it," then there must necessarily be a connection between what the people want and what the government is The U.S. government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, and illegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classified as a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class is determined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factors can help explain why class bias occurs. For example, because educated people tend to underezd politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with high income and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have low political efficacy (feelings ...

Garcia Lorca essays

Garcia Lorca essays Yo me cortar la mano derecha Tengo un guante de mercurio y otro de seda No solloces. Silencio, que no nos sientan. Asà ­ es como este poeta y dramaturgo se expresaba al escribir sus poesà ­as. En esta poesà ­a en particular habla de la muerte, su tema favorito. Sus principales temas para sus poemas e historias eran el amor, pasion y la muerte violenta. Lorca escribi sus obras de teatro que terminan en un dramtico final irnicamente era el mismo final que el mismo tendrà ­a. El tambin se inspiraba en su querida Granada, escribiendo con influencia gitana. Pese que Lorca no estaba interesado en la polà ­tica muchos asà ­ lo pensaban principalmente los nacionalistas. Asà ­ es como la vida de este ilustre poeta termin en una trajedia, và ­ctima de la Guerra Civil Espa Federà ­co Garcia Lorca naci un cinco de Junio del as ricas familias de su pueblo. Su infancia la vivi hasta los 10 an estudi mà ºsica y actividades para preparar su sentido rà ­tmico. En el Instituto de la ciudad, complet el Bachillerato al mismo tiempo que se dedica intensamente a sus estudios de mà ºsica. Llegando a su adolescencia empez a escribir poemas que luego los recitarà ­a en Cafs locales. Luego de estudiar en Madrid, viaja por los Estados Unidos, en donde estudia y da conferencias en al Universidad de Columbia en Nue...

Indian Independence Essays

Indian Independence Essays Indian Independence Essay Indian Independence Essay 1. What do you learn from Source A about the origins of the Quit India Campaign? The Quit India campaign started when members of Congress were angry and frustrated with the British Labour government, which led the leaders of the Congress to announce the Quit India campaign headed by Gandhi. Gandhi launched the Quit India campaign during WW2 because of the failure of the Cripps mission. In source A Gandhi says how can we fight for democracy when we have not got it ourselves. He is only thinking of this from one point of view. If he had thought about it from another perspective he would know that the Indians were not fighting for Britain but for India. The Japanese were on the borders of India and could invade it. Then the Indian people could forget the question of independence. But if they helped Britain fight the Japanese then they could start talking about independence as was promised to them. He then says I do not want Japan to win. How could that be possible when he is telling his people not to fight and the Japanese are at the borders of India. Lastly he says I am sure that Britain cannot win unless the Indian people become free. This is like a threat; maybe that is why he got arrested the very next day and put into prison until the war was over. 2. Does the evidence of source C support the evidence of sources A and B about the reasons for opposition to British rule in the 1940s? Explain your answer. The evidence of source C partly supports the evidence of sources A and B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah made the statement (source C) in 1940, the year he demanded the creation of Pakistan and the time when he had the support of the British. He was making the point that Hindus and Muslims and their aims were fundamentally different except for one thing British rule-and the common desire to get rid of it. To him Muslims were a completely different race who were only helping the Hindus to be free of British rule so that they could get what Jinnah, their leader, was aiming for. Which was a new state carved out of India for the Muslims and to be known as Pakistan. Source A is an interview given by M.K.Gandhi in 1942, the year when he got locked up and Japan had reached Burma. He is using moral arguments to tell his people not to help the British. He is in particular trying to remind the people who are helping the British army in particular, that they are fighting for freedom when they themselves are like prisoners in their own land. How can we fight for democracy when we have not got it ourselves? Source B, from the autobiography of Jawaharlal Nehru. He probably wrote it in 1939, the year WW2 started because he is referring to how Indians are sent to war without the slightest reference to them. He is saying that how could a foreigner put the lives of four hundred million Indians in danger as fast as blinking an eye. The idea of a great country like India being treated as a mere possession. In conclusion the evidence of all the sources come down to one point, which is British rule and what could be gained from freedom. 3. How useful are sources D and E in Helping you to understand why the policy of the British Government towards independence for India changed after the Second World War? Source D is very useful as it is a statement from a member of the Labour government sent to India on a mission to make India independent. Source D shows us that after WW2 Britain could no longer keep control of a large country like India as it was fought to a standstill during the war and needed to think more about Britains recovery than any other country. It shows that Britain wanted to get out of India as soon as possible quite obviously impossible was to decide to continue our responsibility indefinitely, stated Cripps. He says he has two alternatives; the first one, strengthen British control in India could not possibly happen because at the same time he says we were demobilising the British armed forces from India and the East. Source E is also very useful as it is an eyewitness account of Direct Action Day by a Briton who presumably is not biased. It tells us that the situation in India was well out of the control of the British and the situation was deteriorating by the minute. If from one protest and one place people from one religion can kill people from another, you could imagine what would happen all over India if Britain did not do anything. Source E shows communal violence was escalating. You could see a crop of one religion or another being laid on their faces and being beheaded into the river the river was literally choked with dead bodies. The British knew they had to give India independence but the question that was delaying this was how to give independence. 4. Use sources F and G, and your own knowledge, to help you explain why India was partitioned in 1947. India was partitioned in 1947 as a last alternative. After years of talks and the failure of the Cripps mission it was quite obvious that there was no way you could get the Muslims and Hindus to live to together peacefully. The two people had nothing in common but their nationality. Their religion, language, writing and their way of life were different. For example, the slaughtering of cows by Muslims was offensive to Hindus who consider the cow a sacred animal. The situation in India in the 1940s was just chaos, it had turned into a civil war which the Viceroys government was powerless to stop. When it appeared the Congress had no desire to share power with the Muslim League at the central government, Jinnah declared August 16 1946, Direct Action Day, which was meant to be a peaceful demonstration but it bought about communal violence, rioting and massacres in many paces in the north. Source F, a photograph taken in Calcutta on Direct Action Day shows, a Hindu temple set on fire presumably by Muslims and in response you can see the police using tear gas to drive the protesters back. This Direct Action Day made people aware of the vast differences between Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was horrified by Direct Action Day because that was completely against his aim, he had wanted to achieve a united India but without any violence. Earlier in 1920 he said that by self-rule he meant two things, self-government for India and self-control. He believed the second was the way to achieve the first. So he accepted Jinnahs idea of Pakistan reluctantly. Source G is a report written by the commander-in-chief of the Indian Army, on the independence day of Pakistan. He says the army and police are powerless to stop the violence as the police were defecting and joining in the violence thus making it impossible to get it under control. The most disturbing feature here is the defection of the police who are mostly Muslim. Communal violence in Calcutta and other cities still remained because people were furious that they had to leave their lifes work behind, so they took up arms against the other religion. To try and stop this violence, Gandhi, instead of going to the independence ceremony of India, stayed in Calcutta, where he predicted the most violence would be and attempted to stop it. The area that was going to be hard to partition was Punjab as there were three inhabitants of that area, Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus. The Sikhs as well as the Hindus didnt like the Muslims so they started armed rebellion against the Muslims. Source G says the strife here was started by Sikhs which are carrying out raids on Muslim villages one band is reputed to have killed 200 Muslims in one village. The British had to partition India for they could no longer stop the communal violence, the police were defecting and joining in the violence, the army was powerless to stop this, it was madness and chaos everywhere, there was no stability and no law and order. 5. The partition of India in 1947 could not have been avoided. Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain whether you agree with this view. There are two answers Yes or No. Im going to explain both points and come up with a conclusion, which will be my own view. The idea of partitioning India was a really late development and there had been some hope of an undivided India, with a government consisting of three tiers along basically the same lines as the borders of India and Pakistan at the time of Partition. However, Congress rejection of the interim government set up under this Cabinet Mission Plan in 1942 convinced the leaders of the Muslim League that compromise was impossible and partition was the only course to take. Therefore the partitioning of India could have been avoided, had Jawaharlal Nehru accepted the interim governments cabinet mission. It became inevitable only after Nehru rejected the interim governments cabinet mission plan after winning majority seats in the provincial elections of 1937. The British had followed a divide-and-rule policy in India. They categorised people according to religion and viewed and treated them as separate from each other. The government laws passed in 1909, 1919 and 1935 had reserved representatives for Muslims thus creating an idea that Muslims were different from Hindus. In 1935 the British government passed the India Act that proposed the transformation of India into eleven provincial states. The legislation also gave greater authority to the provincial assemblies to establish governments for questions falling within their own region. After the 1937 elections Jinnah expected Congress to co-operate with the League by giving it a share of government posts in some provinces. However, the League had won less than 5 per cent of the total Muslim vote, Congress therefore refused to give the League anything. Jinnah felt betrayed and went back to transforming the League into a stronger position to bargain with Congress. The Muslim League gained power also due to the Congress. The Congress banned any support for the British during the Second World War. However the Muslim League pledged its full support. The Civil Disobedience Movement and the consequent withdrawal of the Congress party from politics also helped the League gain power, as they formed strong ministries in the provinces that had large Muslim populations. At the same time, the League actively campaigned to gain more support from the Muslims in India especially under the guidance of dynamic leaders like Jinnah. With the Congress out of the way and the full support of the British, Jinnah in 1940 went for the extreme demand to bargain with congress, which was a new state carved out of India for the Muslims to be known as Pakistan. Even the viceroy at that time supported this idea to some extent. He didnt really think he would get it but it was a strong position to bargain from. He himself favoured a united India with strong provincial government so that Muslims would have more say whereas the congress wanted Strong central government, that was the only thing making Jinnah more determined to get Pakistan. So from this point of view India could have stayed as one if only M.L and I.N.C accepted the Cripps mission. And maybe Gandhi might never have been assassinated. From another and more moral point of view the partitioning of India at all costs could not have been avoided. Tension between Muslims and Hindus was unbearable as you can see from the sources I mentioned earlier. In source H, a book about events in the Punjab in September 1947, it describes a train journey from India to Pakistan. Hundreds of Sikhs attacked the train and My wife, who was seven months pregnant, was pressed on the belly resulting in an abortion a few hours later. The train started only when nobody was left to kill. This describes just one train journey from India to Pakistan so you could imagine what would have happened in residential areas of India. In source F you can see in the photograph that from one protest in one area in one day caused this much riot and bloodshed then you would have to keep these two people apart which in the long term would have to lead to partition. On the same day we have an eye-witness (Source E) account of what happened and to furthermore prove my point that India should have been partition, you should read the following statements from an unbiased Briton. You could see a crop of one religion or another being beheaded into the river. After the riot the river was literally choked with dead bodies. So coming to a conclusion I say the British did the right thing in partitioning India. They left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one. India should have been partitioned because that would have been in the interests of both people.

Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource - Essay Example Staffing Plan for an Engineering Organization To begin with, I have to set down our goals and objectives after determining the kind of business that our organization will be in. The next step is to figure out and draw a strategy on how the organization is going to achieve those particular goals and objectives. In addition, I have to arrive at a decision with respect to the specific kind of jobs that are to be done and the specific people who are to be responsible in rendering their duties as they do the jobs. Finally as a Human Resource staff, I have to ensure that each member of staff’s knowledge, skills and talents have been matched to the jobs in question (Pandey 7). Ensuring that skilled employees can enable the organization meet its goals is one of the most crucial aspects. This can be ensured by ensuring that the supply and demand that match people’s component have been matched. Am supposed to come up with a profile for the members of staff in the organization. Th e profile entails an internal analysis that specifies workers and their respective skills. Apart from this, I will also need to develop an inventory report for the human resource.

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING - Essay Example Cheryl’s husband was sent to jail the previous year and Cheryl is stressed up. Cheryl’s children are aged 13, 14 and 17 seem aggressive to her and even to the nurses in her presence. She confessed that she is a self harmer for several years as a tissue scar was noticed during examination. This trigger was a very personal matter to some of the group members as they had relatives who had undergone such situations. This made our group work harder than I thought (Jasper, 2003). As a result on our first day of presentation one such member failed to turn up. I personally felt bad and betrayed since we had really worked hard in our daily group discussions. I felt that that member was a letdown and did not deserve to be in our group any more. My feelings kept being pushed form bitter to pity since I put myself in their shoes and I understood the pain and trauma. Conversely, I thought that members should learn to separate their feelings and work so that there would be no conflict of interest. I felt that the member was just lazy and used their bad experience to intimidate the other group members to do their work as we quickly researched their part and presented the presentation. To my surprise this was just the beginning of the bad side of being in a group. During the following group discussion meetings, there were conflicts surrounding the group leader and the ordinary members. It is normal for groups to have conflict especially at the forming stages (Hackman, 1990). This member actually wanted to be the chairperson. Moreover, she expected the other group members to agree with her suggestions and responses without question (Burtis & Turman, 2010). In short she was always right and everyone else was wrong or should just follow her. As expected some members hit back and this led to more problems in the group as little work was being done and more conflict added (Corey, Corey & Corey, 2010). By this time I was almost giving up and since I am not

Access to Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Access to Care - Essay Example The article indicates that the healthcare reform in Massachusetts has triggered growth of total healthcare employment per capita. However, the growth was primarily based on administrative occupations and patient care support professionals and not amongst physicians and nurses. This is probably because the physicians complained of the administrative burden that the law imposed on them. The program may be costly because of the need to employ more physician and nurses. Increased access to care will have a great impact on physician who may in turn get dissatisfied with their jobs and perhaps quit. The increased access will promote third party payment arrangements, which largely compromises the independence and integrity of the medical profession. Moreover, the physicians will be subjected to increased government regulation as well as oversight and will mostly be dependent on unreliable government reimbursement for medical services thus resulting into tremendous pressure amongst the practitioners. Patient centered health care reform should be adopted that restores doctor patient relationship thus making physicians the key decision makers in the delivery of care as patients become key decision makers in financial care but not the government. Staiger, D. O., Auerbach, D. I., & Buerhaus, Peter R.N. (2011). Health Care Reform and the Health Care Workforce -- The Massachusetts Experience.  The New England Journal of Medicine,  365(12), e24. Retrieved from

Dreams and Cinema Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dreams and Cinema - Assignment Example Many reasons why cinema was based on dreams were psychological. Theorists researched through psychology, sociology, and aesthetics to conclude that the dream metaphor has been used relevantly in cinema and has been established as the most important contribution in film theory. Dreams and films are both considered to be perceived objectively by the spectators and dreamers. Just as in dreams, in films as well we do not perceive the real presence of the people and situations. However, there are two characteristics which may separate films from dreams; and these are materiality and presence of the original physical object. This difference is not a major one when considering the use of dreams sequences in films with special lighting and sound effects. Freud’s theories have grounded the relationship between dreams and films. He was the best psychoanalyst who believed that dreams are the major source of all ideas. All dreams must have a visual representation which is the dramatizatio n or the representation of the dream thoughts through visual situations. Even though Freud never mentioned the use of film or cinema as the representation of dreams, his ideas about the dream thoughts closely relate to the visual film language. In addition to the views of Freud about visual representation of dreams, there were many other psychoanalysts who talked about the relevant consideration of the visual language of dreams. Jung, another psychoanalyst, suggested that dreams are developed based on a dramatic structure.

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example The field of organizational behavior is concerned with the study of what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization. Organizational behavior is derived by incorporating various behavioral sciences like psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and social psychology to ascertain the expectation level. (Foundations of human behavior, 2006) (i) Interpersonal Roles: which derives from the manager's position and the formal authority like leadership, liaison etc. (ii) Informational role: this is a direct result of the interpersonal roles ending up in information exchange, e.g., spokesperson, a monitor (iii)Decisional role: managers role as problem-solver, negotiator, resource allocator etc which is a derivation from the above two roles. (GRI Report, 2001:6) All these roles are important in a manager's job and are interrelated, even though some roles may be more influential than others depending upon the managerial position. For instance, sales managers may give more importance to interpersonal roles, while the production managers give more importance to decisional roles. The above facts lead to a clear picture that the organizational behavior is necessarily concatenated with the behavioral sciences. ... udying the interrelated behavioral processes, their disparity at specific situations and their interaction in the decision and communication performance within and among the organizational elements themselves. (Behavioral Science, 2006) Behavioral sciences like psychology, sociology, anthropology etc, help to focus in deriving organizational behavior theories. The current study focuses on three main topics (i) Personality, (ii) Stereotypes and (iii) Group Dynamics I. Personality and the "Trait Theory" Individuals are different in their mental and physical traits. People who form the main components of an organization thus differ both physically (age, sex, height, weight, etc), and also psychologically (intelligence, attitude, motivational level, perceptions, etc.) This belief that each human being is totally different from each other is known as "Law of individual differences". This points out to a crucial fact that the management has to treat them uniquely to get the best out of each and every one. (Robbins & Judge, 2006) A theory on personality aspect, The Trait theory suggests that people have some traits in common with each other and are also different from others in certain other aspects. The main five personality traits emerged from this theory related to job performance could be summarized as extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience. In an organizational setup the personality factors which affect its performance are the Need pattern, introversion or extroversion, tolerance for ambiguity, self esteem and self concept, Type A and Type B personalities etc. These aspects will differ from person to person and as per the managers are concerned; they need to master the tolerance for ambiguity with other

Dreams and Cinema Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dreams and Cinema - Assignment Example Many reasons why cinema was based on dreams were psychological. Theorists researched through psychology, sociology, and aesthetics to conclude that the dream metaphor has been used relevantly in cinema and has been established as the most important contribution in film theory. Dreams and films are both considered to be perceived objectively by the spectators and dreamers. Just as in dreams, in films as well we do not perceive the real presence of the people and situations. However, there are two characteristics which may separate films from dreams; and these are materiality and presence of the original physical object. This difference is not a major one when considering the use of dreams sequences in films with special lighting and sound effects. Freud’s theories have grounded the relationship between dreams and films. He was the best psychoanalyst who believed that dreams are the major source of all ideas. All dreams must have a visual representation which is the dramatizatio n or the representation of the dream thoughts through visual situations. Even though Freud never mentioned the use of film or cinema as the representation of dreams, his ideas about the dream thoughts closely relate to the visual film language. In addition to the views of Freud about visual representation of dreams, there were many other psychoanalysts who talked about the relevant consideration of the visual language of dreams. Jung, another psychoanalyst, suggested that dreams are developed based on a dramatic structure.

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit Essay

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit - Essay Example Courts play a vital role in ensuring that justice prevails at all levels of the nation. There are various types of courts that a state installs, each of which is charged with specific duties and responsibilities in line with its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Justice in England is a specific law enforcing unit in the country. Dispute resolution in relation to high end cases is the sole role of the court. Cases dealt with by the court are referred to it as the court of last resort. Among all appeal courts in the United Kingdom, the Supreme Court of Justice is the highest. Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster is the location where the Supreme Court in England is situated. The building that houses the court is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament. The location was agreed upon after intensive deliberations that finally concluded that the court’s current location was informed by United Kingdom’s constitutional change. Court Visited and Observed The court observat ion visit took place in England, with the court visited being the Supreme Court of Justice in England. The visit took place on the 18th of June, 2012. Specifically the observation took place in court 1, from 10:30 am. Proceedings in the Court At the time of the visit, the case that was being handled was KM (Zimbabwe) (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (Elliot, 2009, p.36). The case had been previously determined but KM went ahead to appeal following his dissatisfaction with the previously passed judgement. KM was seeking asylum in the United Kingdom1. He is a Zimbabwean citizen, aged 54 years. His primary reason to seek for asylum followed the belief that he would be persecuted upon going back to his home country since he had failed to be loyal to Mugabe’s regime. His claim had been previously refused, thereby being required to return to his country. Although he appealed to the decision that required him to leave the United Kingdom, the tribunal that was hearing the case dismissed the appeal. This was in the year 2009; six years after KM entered the United Kingdom. The court proceedings on the 18th of June, 2012 accounted for the above, with the Supreme Court of Justice hearing KM’s appeal following the asylum denial. The Secretary of State representing the United Kingdom’s Home Department was accounting for KM’s stay in the United Kingdom. He had been previously required to leave the United Kingdom for up to six months, with an allowance to re-enter as a visitor (Zander, 2007, p.89). KM’s claims were regarded vague and without critical evidence. The appellate court, however, did not rule out the possibility of underlying risks to KM given the fact that his son had successfully been granted asylum in the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court made considerations to have the case remitted to the tribunal for critical evaluation and assessment of KM’s case with regard how credible his a rgument was in the filed appeal. Parties Involved A number of parties were involved in the case. The first party was the appellant. The appellant in this case is KM. On the other hand there is the respondent. The Secretary of State for the Home Department of the United Kingdom (Bailey, Ching and Taylor, 2007, p.47) was the respondent, and the second party. The third party was the jury and the legal system in the United Kingdom. The case was based on some operational immigration laws that are enforced by the United

Marx and Weber’s Analyses of the Development of Capitalism Essay Example for Free

Marx and Weber’s Analyses of the Development of Capitalism Essay Capitalism is defined as ‘An economic and political system in which a countrys trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.’ It is based on the division between two classes, one of which owns the labour of the other. Not only do the upper classes, or the bourgeoisie, own the means of physical production but also the means of ‘mental production’. They control and manipulate society through the rule of education, religion and the media. Althusser distinguishes between repressive state apparatuses and ideological state apparatuses and argues about how the bourgeoisie manages to maintain its rule. He argues that the repressive includes the police and the army in which use physical force to control the working class as opposed to the ideological apparatuses such as the media and religion which control the development of ideas. A key component of capitalism is that the working class are forced to sell their labour in exchange for wages in order to survive. However, they do not receive an equal exchange for the labour they produce, but only the cost of subsistence. The difference of what the bourgeoisie receive from the labourers and the amount they pay back is called the surplus value, meaning the profit they make. Max Weber was one of the founding fathers of sociology and contributed highly to our knowledge of how society works. Weber’s work can be highlighted by referring to his study The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1905 (22 years after the death of Karl Marx in 1883). Weber argues that the Protestant Reformation introduced a new belief system of Calvinism (a form of Protestantism founded by John Calvin during the reformation) which promoted a high work ethic and which eventually led to the rise in capitalism. Calvinists believed that God preordains the ‘elect’ meaning of who would be saved after death and go onto heaven and who would not. This could not be changed through hard work or leading a good life as the decision had already been decided. This made Calvinists strive for success, with which they would reinvest into making more money, hence the development of capitalism. Weber distinguishes the differences between the capitalism of greed and wealth in past societies to those of present. Modern day people are pursing profit for its own sake rather than for consumption, hence why the Calvinists reinvested their wealth. Weber calls this the spirit of capitalism. He further argues that this was the reason capitalism was stronger in places like Europe and America and not in other places where Protestantism wasnt so established. Weber also distinguishes between many different existing forms of capitalism including ‘traditional capitalism’ and ‘booty capitalism’; however the crucial ideal type is the one named modern capitalism, or rational capitalism meaning the repetitive, ongoing economic activity on the basis of rational calculation. Understanding what needs to happen and what the best way of achieving it is, allows for reinvestment and the growth of economic enterprises. He argues that it is the rational side of modern capitalism that distinguishes it from other advanced economic areas such as China and India, both of which had higher and more advanced infrastructures in the 17th century compared to Europe and America. However, Weber is hugely criticised for his understanding of the rise in capitalism due to others believing that it was the peoples relationship with the material forces and there means of subsidence which drove the change. Weber takes a key focus on religion and the impact that had on the rest of society as well as capitalism, whereas Marx focuses on class conflict. Marx argues that through industrialisation capitalism had been forced to increase due to growing separation of the two contrasting classes. One class is the exploiting bourgeoisie who own the means of production and the other class being the proletariat who own nothing but their own labour. Marx predicted that the working class would eventually become conscious of their alienation and exploitation and unite to overthrow capitalism. This would slowly bring in a system of socialism which would gradually evolve into a pure classless communist society lacking in exploitation. He argued that capitalism would disintegrate due to interior tensions, just like every other social system. He believed that communism was inevitably the next stage in the line of historical changes to class systems. Just as feudalism was replaced by capitalism, so capital ism would be replaced by communism. Marx argues that religion performs a different function than that of what Weber argues. Instead it operates as an ‘ideological weapon’ used by the bourgeoisie to justify the suffering of the poor as something unchangeable and ‘god-given’. Religion persuades the working class that their suffering is honourable and moral and will be favoured in the afterlife. This is evident in the Christianity teaching of it is ‘easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven’. This manipulates and oppresses the proletariat as it renders them blind to capitalistic trends; ensuing and maintaining false class consciousness. However, Marx can be criticised for ignoring the positive functions that religions perform, made apparent by the psychological adjustment to misfortune that it offers. Abercrombie and Turner (1978) argue that ‘in pre capitalist society, while Christianity was a major element of ruling-class ideology, it had only limited impact on the peasantry’ (A2 Sociology AQA Specification, 2009, pg 13) However, although Marx does argue that religion helps to control the manipulation of ideas of the working class he also believes that it is ‘the heart of the heartless world and the soul of soulless conditions’, as it can act as an distraction to dull the pain of exploitation. When comparing and contrasting two very highly influential historians such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, some would argue that it is highly important to look at their overall impact on society as well as humanity. Karl Marx focused highly on philosophy and his work is still influential in many cultures worldwide today. This contrasts to Max Weber who is considered ‘one of the fathers of modern thought’ and could be considered one of the world’s most intellectual and influential persons. Although both historians share clear similarities, for example both coming from a European Protestant background they also contrast and have distinct differences. Weber criticises Marx’s theory as he believes that his view is too one dimensional and simplistic when looking at inequality. Weber argues that this is due to Marx seeing class as the only important division. Weber argues that status and power also have high impact on the volume of inequality. He points towards the ‘power elite’ for evidence and argues that they can rule without actually owning the means of production. Currently there are many independent companies that can control and rule particular labourers without being a part of the bourgeoisie, it is not as simple as Marx likes to preach. A great amount of people are in other situations than the time when Marx was writing, for example ‘dealers in information, managers and civil servants’, meaning that the relative importance of the struggle between owners and workers has relatively declined. Although Marx and Weber have severe differences in their evaluation of modern capitalism their augments also share many similarities. They both believe that the economic system is a place where â€Å"individuals are directed by abstractions† (Marx). We must also take into account the times of which both sociologists were writing. Weber is writing nearly half a century later and focuses highly on the impact of power, wealth and prestige. He argues that these were the three main factors contributing to capitalism and the distinction of classes. This contrasts to Marx who focuses singularly on the impact of class and how the contrast of bourgeoisie and proletariat impacted on the rise of capitalism. However, both of their summaries of overthrowing capitalism share many similarities. Both sociologists argue that in order for capitalism to be overthrown the working class must unite together to overthrow the ruling class and free themselves from capitalist oppression. Bibliography Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1932). The German Ideology . Moscow: David Riazanov. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848). Manifesto of the communist party. London. Max Weber (1978). Economy and Society. California: University of California Press. Thomas Hobbes (1988). The Leviathan. London : Penguin . Phil Bartle. (2007). Marx vs Weber. Available: http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/cla-mweb.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. Louis Althusser. (1970). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Available: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm 970. Last accessed 10th October 2012 Michael Lowy. (2006). Marx, Weber and the Critique of Capitalism . Available: http://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article1106 . Last accessed 10th October 2012. No Author. (1999). Max Weber. Available: http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/s30f99.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. D. Sayer, Capitalism and Modernity: An Excurses on Marx and Weber, pg. 4, London: Routledge, 1991. Cuff, E. C., W. W. Sharrock and D. W. Francis, Perspectives in Sociology, third edition, London, Routledge, 1992.

Impact of Human Expansion on Wetland Areas

Impact of Human Expansion on Wetland Areas Human exploitation damaged a lot of wetland areas. Expansion of settlements and agricultural lands affets wetland directly and spoils the natural form of particular wetlands. Bhindawas and Tal Chhapar also faces some challenges and altered by man with some natural degardational factors. The impacts of various factors are described here. Loss of Habitat: Dense forest is scarce in Tal Chhapar and Bhindawas wetland areas. Most of avifauna and wildlife needs dense forest as their habitat to secure food and shelter in these wetland areas. Dense forest provides safe habitation for Blackbucks and Nilgai’s to hide themselves from predators. Blackbucks migrates in the Tal Chhapar wetland, in the day time for their feeding and during night to save themselves from foxes and other predators, mainly stray dogs who enters the sanctuary after chasing calves, older and other ill Blackbucks in the sanctuary. These animals migrate to eastern parts of the Tal Chhapar which is covered with dense woody vegetation than the western part of the wetland but these animals’ moves towards western parts of the sanctuary or outside the sanctuary for their food as the core of the wetland is covered with sewan and other nutritious grasses. Fencing around the sanctuary protect these animals but these animals face difficult to find an entry after sunse t and they falls prey to stray dogs outside the wetland area of some times killed by vehicular movement on the road which passes through the Tal Chhapar as well as its boundary also encroached by road made by Public Works Department of Rajasthan. In the western side the wildlife faces heavy dumpers and loaded trucks while central encompassing road dominated by buses, trucks and other fast moving vehicles while the eastern side road is followed by jeeps, motorcycles with blowing pressure horns. Eradication of Juliflora plant in the western side also pose a threat to Blackbucks as they move outside the sanctuary area and forget the path after sunset. These animals chase by stray dogs from Surwas and Chadwas villages outside the wetland area. They cannot enter the sanctuary area due to fencing and dig walls around the Tal and constructed wall in the northern side of the wetland. Wild Boer also face the similar situation, these animals feels safe in grassy area but they cannot stay at a safe point as Blackbuck moves freely in this area. Wild Boer avoids thick woody area as they make their habitat in the tall grassland in the core area. Spiny tailed lizards live in the open patches of the eastern side area of wetland close to Devani village. Spiny tailed lizards also eaten by Monitor lizards and Cobra snakes. Reptiles are killed by vehicular movement as they move mainly during night towards eastern side for their food. Spiny tailed lizard’s falls prey to foxes also due to open patches in the eastern side of the wetland. Many migratory birds come here during winter for their breeding season. This avifauna resides in colonies mainly in the extremes of western side or open forest area outside the sanctuary area. The wild animals exhibit phenomenon of local migration within the sanctuary and to neighboring areas. The migration is mostly for water, but some times animals migrate for food also. During summer the wildlife migrates and confine near the water holes. The carnivores migrate out.,side / the sanctuary area, during night. Few migratory birds also visit the area and leave it again in late February. Migration of exotic fauna is regular phenomena in the sanctuary. Most of bird and animal species always like dense forest for their habitat for much availability of food and safety point of view. Due to lack of dense forest there is very less plant and animal species founding the sanctuary. 1. Various type of habitat There are basically four types of the habitat in the sanctuary. On the basis of topographical considerations and it has been classified as under (a) Soil habitat (b) Grassland habitat (c) Aquatic habitat (d) Rocky habitat (e) Other habitat (a)Soil Habitat Bhindawas wetland is part of Indo- gangetic plain under South- West Haryana Sandy areas in Jhajjar district of Haryana. Soil habitat lies on outer side of main lake boundary where water could not reach even in the monsson season. Soil habitat area is an open space, used by Nilgai, Chinkaras, reptiles, small insects, rats and other creatures who lives beneath the soil cover. Tal Chhapar sanctuary falls in Indian thar desert where wind erosion is common feature, like other deserts, high velocity of wind shift the sand dunes. The sand dunes are also found in and around the sanctuary. A long range of dunes having near southern periphery of the sanctuary. The sandy habitat is liked by chinkara, Reptiles, lizards, Rodents and many beetles of desert. (b) Grassland habitat Unlike other desert of the world, Indian Thar Desert bears comparatively high density of flora and fauna. Grasses like Sevan, Dhaman, dhob, mothia etc. are found on plane area of the sanctuary. The Grassy habitat is suitable for black buck the black buck takes grasses like Lana, luni and lender shoots of ber, ker etc. The habitat also helps wildlife by providing them food, shelter and place for reproduction. Saline soils of Tal Chhapar area reduce chances of the development of trees and sewan grasses but places having fresh sand deposition are occupied by grass species. The patches with high salinity remain barren. Plant of prosopis julie flora are gradually coming of the saline and gravel soil, if Julie flora plant are not controlled properly then the whole area may be occupied gradually by these plants, which will make the habitat unsuitable for other species to-grow there. Grassland habitat in Bhindawas wetland dominated by small creatures only. These are actually water fens and weeds which prohibits other wildllives to make their shelter. Rodents, ants and other beetles survive in these areas. (c) Aquatic habitat Bhindawas wetland is typical aquatic habitat for many water birds and water snakes, fishes, tortoise etc. Main lake provides a strong and safe habitat for all aquatic life. Large water bodies are perfered by fishes and water snakes. It protect these creatures from heat and dust at the time of â€Å"Loo† and from illegal hunters too. Water maintains an optimum water temperature which is crucial for aquatic life. In and around the sanctuary have many small nadies and salt mines. The saline water remains in these nadies for a longer time. These scattered salt lakes form aquatic habitat, which attracts many species of animals and birds. Presently there are four Talabs and two Talabs are located in the sanctuary and another two are located in the periphery of the sanctuary. The degree of water salinity varies from water hole to water hole. Out of these four water holes, the Nadi situated on the junction of Bikaner-Chhapar and Chhapar-Sujangarh roads, is having comparatively less domestic animal of surrounding villages. As mentioned earlier the Tal Chhapar sanctuary is located in a depressed zone with a poor drainage system. Due to bad drainage pattern water gets accumulated, in the depression and that water lasts for a considerable long period. Among common aquatic fauna found in and around these lake are cattle Ergot, small ergot, Pond heron, black winged stilt, King fisher, common crane etc. (d)Rocky habitat `There is no rocky habitat in Bhindawas wetland. It is a plain saucer shaped depression filled with water and dominated by weeds and tress. Gravels exposed rocks; small hillocks and magra land are found in the western desert. The hillocks with low height are three i.e. towards gopalpur Chadwas villages. This habitat with inter spread grassy patches is suitable for hares, partridges and carnivorous species like fox, jackal etc. (e)Other habitat Tal Chhapar sanctuary is a species specific habitat for some mammals. The santuary is a home for the black buck. Well stocked population of black buck, in a compacted area of 719 hectare, shows that the habitat is suitable for this species. Though other wild animals are also found in the area but their population is still very less and the population trend is not towards increase. Open patches in water bodies are prefect place for basking in the winter season and are used by avifauna for breeding, mainly migratory birds in Bhindawas wetland. Habitat Change: There is consensus among intellegentia and even local pepole in considering habitat change and fragmentation of habitat as one of the major threatening factor for wildlife, bird and reptiles at the global scale. Habitat change causes by expansion of exotic species in water and over the land in Bhindawas. Polluted water of drain no. 8 mixes with wetland water affects fish species too. Toxicity of water from drain no. 8 kills fishes near outlet of wetland, ultimately forest department does not forward fishing activity near the drain. Expansion of water hyacinth and othe exotic weeds forbid birds to sit on open patches of land. Sedimentation by canal water reduces open areas which are uses by birds as breeding sites. Conversion of forest land into waterbodies destroys shelter of Nilgai and other animals in the wetland. Now these animals take refuge in Prosopis juliflora plants. There is migration of blackbucks from western part of Tal Chhapar to eastern parts in the night as lack of thick forested patches in the western parts pose them to stray dogs in the night, for safety puposes these animals moves to small thick areas dominated by large trees. The large-scale effects of habitat alteration produced by oil-industry related pollution on the habitat use of four species of freshwater turtles (Pelusios castaneus, Pelusios niger, Pelomedusa subrufa, Trionyx triunguis) were studied in the River Niger Delta, southern Nigeria (West Africa) between 1996 and 2004 was studied by Luca Luiselli, Godfrey C. Akani and E. Politano (2006). Decrease in Carrying Capacity: Carrying capacity of a wetland is a measure of the ecological, hydrological, biochemical processes and its ability to support entire ecosystem and biodiversity.Carrying capacity defines as support to ecosystem of a wetland without damaging productivity of the wetland and habitats within it. Availability, requirement and production of resources to sustain its ecosystem on any wetland is real determinant to describe carrying capacity of the wetland. To assess carrying capacity, a long term study requires over any wetland but there are changes in land use pattern, species of avian fauna, numbers of wildlife and sources of poin based with non point sources of pollution also helps to determine carrying capacity of both wetlands. Guangwei Huang and Masahiko Isobe (2012) developed a method to quantify the carrying capacity of a water body with regard to massive waterfowl was developed through the study of five wetlands that are used as the wintering ground by a large number of waterfowl in Japan. It takes into consideration water depth, retention time, and in-lake phosphorus concentration. For one of the sites, Sakata Lagoon, which is a registered Ramsar wetland in Japan, the assessment of its carrying capacity suggests that the number of waterfowl should be reduced by half to sustain the water quality of this wetland. Available nutrients in water and soil of Bhindawas wetland indicate carrying capacity of the wetland. This wetland supports vegetation of different types but infestation by water hyacinth destroys other water plants which can not compete with exotic species to survive in the wetland. The situation presents that carrying capacity of wetland has been decreased. Numbers of migratory birds also less than Khaparwas sanctuary which is smaller than Bhindawas wetland also indicate carrying capacity of the research site. Tal Chhapar is a small area, preserving its carrying capacity with limited available natural resources. Open lands has been converted into grassland and some tree patches to support blackbucks in the sanctuary area. Total counts of wildlife and other reptiles are contantly same during study period. Supportive system provided by forest staff like water availability during drought period, purchase of fodder for minor or injured wildlife manages it carrying capacity more or less. Impact on Wildlife: The wildlife face a spread of disease particularly herbivores from outside livestock as these animals moves outside the sanctuary area for fresh and nutritious food like green leaves in kankars (lush green vegetation line to demarcate boundary between villages and major revenue fields). These Blackbuck mixes with domesticated livestock and get infected with disease which are not prone to their co- habited wildlife in the wetland area. Fencing with in wetland obstructed free movement og wildlife of Tal Chhapr. Mid way fencing pose threat to animals as they falls into dig walls or may struck into fenced wires of Forest department. The passing through road, connecting Bikaner with Sujangarh cuases severe loss to wildlife mainly reptiles as well as Blackbucks, Nilgai and Wild Boers. Degradation of the Catchment Area: Capacity of the wetland catchment areas to intercept, process and to store water is influenced by many factors including time and amount of precipitation, land use, vegetation, topographic relief, soil type, temperature and ground water connection. Catchment areas of Tal Chhapar wetland that includes Chhapar, Chadwas, Gopalpura, Rampura, Devani and Surwas villages, in the last ten years the open land has been converted into built up areas. Built up areas means constructions of petrol pumps, roads in the periphery of sanctuary, establishment of a stone qurrying and stone cutting small scale industry and mushrooming of road side dhabas on NH 65. All these activities degarades catchment areas of the wetland which depends on rainfall water and on rivulet channel from Gopalpura hills. But this water pollutes by salt plant which are situated in western parts of Tal Chhapar. Rajasthan government has issued NOC to a big stone qurrying industry in Chadwas village which may disturb ecosystem o f the Tal areas. Bhindawas is surrounded by 12 villages, mostly dominated ny agricultural castes, those practices intensive cultivation that requires heavy fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and water consuming put pressure of these polluters in nearby areas of the lake. Due to leaching of water and salinisation of waterlogged areas outside the embankments mixing of residues of pesticides and urea is going on. All these practices degrades catchment areas as well as wetland areas and pressure on wetland ecosystem. Sometimes blackbukcs and peopcocks go out of wetland for their food and consume pesticide infested crops and that cause their death. Land Conversion: Open land has been converted into built up areas in the catchment areas of Tal Chhapar. Main cause of this conversion is developmental activities in the area. Construction of road from Rampura to Surwas via Devani has done, land of Forest department was taken for this purpose, this land was under buffer zone area in the southern part of the Tal. This small land conversion for the road allows heavy trucks to carry mud qurries, stone from Gopalpura area and salt from the vicinity of sanctuary. These heavy trucks kill blackbucks while they comes from fields or goes at the time of road crossing. Snakes, lizard particulary spiny tailed which has medicinal as well as ecological value smashed under loaded heavy vechiles on Bikaner- Sujangarh road and Rampura – Surwas road. Some grassland was taken by Prosopis juliflora plants but now these plants have been removed from those areas. Bhindawas wetland does not face land conversion from its land area but with in wetland there is change in land use pattern which is also harmful. Forestland occupied by waterbodies and grassland while waterbodies converted into grassland. This type of land conversion directly affects migratory bird as it swallow small patches of land, a breeding and basking site. Wetland Exploitation: Wetlands in semi – arid or arid area are those ecozones which offer good ecological conditions with high productive potentials and divergent conditions to exploit. Since civilizations wetlands uses by man for their needs either in the form of food or clothes. Exploitation of wetlands passes through different stages from Early Neolithic period. Man uses wetlands from subsistence food gathering to exploitative axing of trees to make big ships. These wetlands are considered as excellent bases for exploitation from fishing to high end products in the international market. Nature and intensity of wetland exploitation depends on its location and richness in biodiversity. Apart from agricultural exploitation, early medieval wetlands may have provided important additional resources of fish, shellfish, and waterfowl, their abundance mainly dependent on the primary productivity (e.g. Prummel 1983). In addition, the importance of salt production in coastal and estuarine areas is well att ested. (e.g. Besteman1 974;Adshead 1992). Tal Chhapar wetland was used by local people for grazing their small animals before its taken over by the Rajasthan government. After completion of fencing work, local people take other alternates for their fuelwood and grazing of small animals. Some people took Spiny tailed lizard from the sanctuary area for their valuable oil but forest department put an end on all this type activities. Bhindawas wetland was constructed after repetition of floods and construction of Jawahar Lal Nehru canal in Haryana. This wetland was notified as a protected forest area by Haryana government to store flood water oor excess water during Monsoon time. People exploitate Bhindawas wetland for grazing animals including cow, buffalos, sheep and goats. These people take fuelwood for their homes. Sometime farmers extract water for their crops. Bhindawas and Tal Chhapar wetland are International Bird Area (IBA) sited for bird watching, mainly migratory birds. Hunting/ Poaching: The primary association between hunters and wetland environments was clearly linked with hunting till Nineteenth century but it is still prevalent in developing countries. Some tribes in Indian states earn their livelihood from hunting in wetland areas. But Indian government banned hunting and other activities associated with it. But there are some tribes in Rajasthan state and few notorious communities are living near the wetland areas in Haryana. Tal Chhapar area is dominting by animal worshiping communities, so there is rare chance of hunting or poaching happens in Tal or any adjoing areas. Bilochpura is a near by village to Bhindawas wetland. Some persons engaged in hunting but these people perform their hunting activity during night time only.

“Naked Villainy”: Richard as a Satanic Hero Essays -- Literary Analy

In many religions and cultures, a demonic entity embodies the spirit of evil, ruler of hell, enemy of God, and tempter of humankind. This arch rebel figure often emerges in literature, and one of the most well-known is Satan, a defiant epitome of evil from John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost. There must be good in the presence of evil, thus there must be a hero with whom the villain clashes with, a bold character whom the audience roots for. In Shakespeare’s tragic play Richard III, Richard plays the role of both the hero and the villain by using his heroic traits to underscore his satanic persona. He is a satanic hero because he uses his political eloquence to rebel, his isolation causes him to oppose all moral constraints, and he wears a mask of charisma to hide his selfish lust for power. In other words, Richard, like Satan, is elevated by heroic traits like alluring eloquence but is so deeply self-absorbed and bent on revenge that he precipitates his own dest ined downfall. Richard is skilfully eloquent; however he chooses to convey this heroic trait satanically by using it to emphasize his rebellious nature against love, politics, and religion. Love is built upon reciprocated affection between two individuals, but Richard rebels by using it as a political tool, to the extent that he suggests incest at various points throughout the play. During the wooing scene, he wins the heart of Lady Anne by saying, â€Å"Your beauty was the cause of that effect: / Your beauty, that did haunt me in my sleep †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1 .2, 126-127), accusing Anne’s beauty as inducement for murder. This quote implies that he plays upon the emotions of others, winning women over and bringing out their vulnerability by â€Å"his insinuating discourse† (Wilhelm, 20)... ...conscience finally surfaces. Richard’s seclusion is a result of his ambition and isolation, and he is so absorbed in his schemes of personal gain that he does not realize how he is lending himself to catastrophe. Richard, like Satan, is heroically amiable and well-spoken, but his greediness and insubordinate lust for power lend him to his predestined downfall. When Richard says, â€Å"I am determined to prove a villain†, he implies a tragic conception that he controls his predestined fate, and the providentialism eventually endorses this meaning. He uses his political eloquence to rebel, he is isolated and therefore his mental and physical energy is unhampered by his moral deformity, and he masks his satanic traits with charisma. Though the ending is tragic for Richard, it is a new beginning for England, and in a way, Richard purges England of its collective guilt.

In-Game Ethical Explorations Essay -- Gaming

Ethics help us every day to determine what is â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† because they are the values of conduct imposed upon an individual by a larger group, usually society. Ethics has also been referred to as moral philosophy. Ethics and morality have a tendency to be confused and used interchangeably, but there is an important difference that must be noted. Morals define personal character, and therefore are usually unchanged in an individual, while various groups might dictate different ethics. With the emergence of technology in the 21st century, the study of ethics, specifically applied ethics, has increased in the number of relevant subjects. A common example is the case of downloading music illegally. Evidently, it is a crime, but because of a lack of persecution for those who participate in this form of theft, the perception of it is vastly different compared to someone who will physically shoplift an item. Ethics becomes even more complicated when laws are not applicable to the given situation. This gives an opportunity for ethical and moral exploration in an increasingly popular field of technology: video games. Now fully integrated into Western culture, video games are no longer targeted for children only. Young adults have become a growing demographic in the video game world and therefore the demand for more sophisticated games has increased. These gamers are not only looking to have fun, but also for a distraction from reality and an investigation in multiple ethical dilemmas. Historically speaking, with a moderately short life, video games traditionally have not been known to include ethics as a major component to a game, until recently. More games now than ever have content that explores ethics, such as the will to ... ...– as toxic† and the lack of consequences for the simulated crimes can be toxic as well (Ludlow and Wallace 92). Gaming companies like EA, by not enforcing more strict rules and not punishing those that break them, are basically saying: â€Å"The law doesn’t apply unless we feel like enforcing it. If we don’t, there is no law, and anything goes.† The anarchy-like attitude that this message is sending can be dangerous to both the morals of the players committing the crimes and to the business of the game itself, although the popularity of the games have not decreased just yet. Works Cited Ludlow, Peter, and Mark Wallace. The Second Life Herald: The virtual tabloid that witnessed the dawn of the Metaverse. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2007. 89-107. Print. Cogburn, Jon, and Mark Silcox. Philosophy Through Video Games. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2009. 73-91. Print

Implications for current and prospective teachers Essay

For educators of the present generation, it is very important to understand how this particular procedure of teaching should affect the process by which they are implying the lessons of grammar and writing within their students. There are at least seven ways of implying the lessons on the students with regards grammar and writing as per suggested in the study performed by the group of Sugrue: 1. Engage students in writing, writing, and more writing. -This involves assisting the students through continuous practice of writing, editing and revising their own written works. Through their own observation upon their own works, they are able to see the mistakes that they usually make and thus are able to make amends with regards the said mistakes in writing through the implications of the lessons that they learn from grammar curriculums. Immerse students in good literature, including literature that is particularly interesting or challenging syntactically. -Reading practices also help in this primary learning procedure. Of course, through the written works of others, there are those grammatical styles that could be carefully learned by writing beginners. Through the examples of other’s writings; they could be able to identify the correct and effective ways of writing their own ideas. 3. Teach relevant aspects of grammar within the context of students’ writing. -the educator’s ability to help the students identify the clarity of the importance of creatively putting their ideas into writing shall also make the students aware of their effective practices in writing. Introduce only a minimum of terminology. Much of this terminology can be learned sufficiently through incidental exposure as you discuss selected words and structures in the context of literature and writing. -Teaching the grammar basics gradually to the learners indeed helps in inculcating the lessons within the minds of the students in a primarily gradual procedure that would most likely help them carefully store the lessons within their minds more effectively. Emphasize those aspects of grammar (as appropriate to writers’ needs) that are particularly useful in helping students revise sentences to make them more effective (this may include how to reorder and otherwise manipulate sentence elements and how to expand and combine sentences. ) -expansion of sentences through the procedures of writing and applying grammar lessons within the practice shall help in producing a much more sensible written output. 6. Also emphasize (as appropriate to writers’ needs) those aspects of grammar that are particularly useful in helping students edit sentences for conventional mechanics and appropriateness. (This may include concepts like subject, verb, and predicate; clause and phrase; grammatical sentences versus run-ons and fragments; and usage. ) -The mechanical approach in writing could be strongly enhanced by the ability of the students in identifying the basic grammatical errors within the context of their own written works. Teach needed terms, structures, and skills when writers need them, ideally when they are ready to revise at the sentence level or to edit. -It is necessary for the educators to instill within the learners the importance of carefully assessing the terms that they use in their works to convey the message that they intend to share to their readers. Strongly, this means that through writing and learning grammatical basics, sending messages to readers effectively could be applied by the students in a systematic procedure.

Behavioural Issues Within Budgeting Essay

Objectives of Budgeting Through budgeting organisations can provide information for strategic planning and control, these are the two main objectives of the budgetary control system. Management and management accountants must work together and operate a system that achieves these objectives, they do so through a system called variance analysis. Management accountants compare the actual results against the budgets; they then send reports to the management concerning the extent to which budgets are being met. Management can then control activities by making possible steps to stop situations where the budget is being ignored or overlooked. To meet their controlling and planning needs, management and management accountants adapt the feedback and feed-forward principles (types of controls). As well as feedback, budgetary systems consist of feed-forward controls, where expected outcomes can be compared with desired outcomes. A recent report Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦feedforward control consists of a prediction being made of anticipated future outputs. If the expected outputs differ from what outputs are desired, control actions are implemented to minimise these differences. Control is therefore, achieved, if the control actions are effective, before any deviation from the objective output occurs†. Feedback is the detection of a deviation between actual results and an objective; normally this is carried out after the event and is essentially error based. Research has shown that up to date, accurate feedback has a motivational effect, delay and inaccurate data are demotive. Most organisations adopt th ese controls, as they are effective and aid the pursuit of a budgetary control system. Target setting is another objective of budgeting and may possibly have motivational benefits. Setting targets that are realistic and clearly stated will encourage employees to make more effort to achieve it than they might otherwise do. However, the motivational effect of budgetary control is far from clear, as we shall see later in this report. In addition, there is no  point in having targets and controls if they are kept a secret. Through communication, organisations can enhance the level of information that flows from top management to employees (subordinates). These are just some of the arguments for budgeting. The rest of this report will concentrate on the behavioural issues in a budgetary control system. Behavioural Considerations When drafting and planning a budgeting system there are behavioural issues to consider as budgets can have implications for human behaviour and, budgeting can have harmful side effects on performance. There is a danger that employees will concentrate solely on the objectives set by the budget, regardless of whether or not it is organizationally desirable. This means that individuals would set out to exploit the rules of the budgetary control system to boost their individual performance, ignoring other areas not monitored by the control system. Drury (2000, p.600) found that â€Å"†¦actual behaviour may be modified so that desired results appear to be obtained, although they may have been achieved in an undesirable manner which is detrimental to the firm†. In addition, budgets may give management a means of judging the performance of their teams. It’s assumed that, the setting of performance measures should complement the setting of new strategies and objectives and the implementation of action plans for the organisation. However, that adherence to the budget alone cannot measure all aspects of a manager’s performance. Therefore, it is important that managers achieve their targets frequently enough to give positive feedback in their efforts. Another behavioural aspect to consider when introducing a budgetary control system is the controls set by the new system, as these may cause negative attitudes. A potential cause of negative attitudes is the way a control is applied, if targets are considered unachievable and applied too rigorously, they may cause negative attitudes. This may also lead to harmful side effects such as the lack of goal congruence and organisational performance. However, if care is taken in designing the control system negative attitudes may be avoided. Drury (2000, p.601) makes a similar argument, â€Å"The way that  a control system is applied can be just as important as the design issues in determining the success of a control system†. Importance of Behavioural Considerations in the Budgetary Process Participation Interaction of managers and employees or budgetees to the targets that are incorporated in their budgets is known as participation. Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦participation in the budget process and discussion over how results are to be measured has benefits in terms of budget attitude and performance of the budgetee†. This would be of an advantage to an organisation as employees would be more receptive of the targets and more committed to achieving them. In addition, the levels of staff morale would be greater than before. Participation can also improve communications and tends to improve the degree to which budgets are met. For example, participation creates a common understanding of the organisations objectives and makes achieving goals more likely. Communication Communication is a necessary activity in all factors of management and can be broadly defined as an exchange of information to bring about a mutual understanding between two parties. Welsch (1988) Defining or clarifying the lines of communication within an organisation can be a powerful aid in the construction of the budget. Communication can have an important part to play in the budgets objectives, targets and responsibilities throughout the organisation. Carried out properly, this can have considerable benefits in promoting co-operation at all levels. Therefore, in order for an organisation to wok effectively there must be lines of communication so that all parts can de kept fully informed of the part they are expected to play in achieving the budget. This aspect can have important behavioural implications throughout an organisation as the attitude of the person who receives the communication may be affected. Motivation By setting challenging but realistic targets, well-designed budgets can play a significant part in motivating managers and employees to perform in line with the organisational objectives. The targets must be clear and achievable, and the manager should participate in setting his or her own budget, as it is more likely to be acknowledged. Generally, it’s believed for budgets to motivate, higher objectives should be set. The levels of expected performance that are set influence the motivation of managers responsible for target achievement. If levels are set too high, then there is a strong disincentive to management involvement in the budgetary process, and a low level of motivation. It levels are set too low, then managers can achieve targets easily despite inefficiencies. This is known as budgetary slack. Setting appropriate levels of attainment in budgets is a complex and difficult activity with an important behavioural dimension. Therefore, it can be said that motivation is a process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviour induced by the expectation of satisfying individual needs. Goal Congruence Goal congruence means that as people work to achieve their own goals, they also work to achieve the goals of the organisation. Nevertheless, there is a danger that employees will concentrate only on what is been monitored, leading to a lack of goal congruence. Focused on preventing this undesirable behaviour and encouraging goal congruence is controls, for example, action or behavioural controls. Action or behavioural controls involves managers watching employees as they go about there work and if the managers know what actions are desirable (or undesirable) the desired outcomes will come about. Performance measures may be used as a good indicator of what is desirable to achieve an organisations goals and some measure may encourage goal congruence or organisationally desirable behaviour. For this to be effective management must also ensure  that desired actions are taken. Goal Definition A further use of budgets is as a basis for setting performance standards and rewards, for example, bonus, status or enhanced promotion prospects are often linked to budget attainment. This may be defined as a process theory of motivation that focuses on the process of setting goals, Emmanual (1992). It is argued that the natural human preference to set and strive for these goals is useful only if the individual both understands and accepts a particular goal. Therefore fundamental to goal attainment is: *an understanding and acceptance of a particular goal (goal congruence) *skills to achieve the goal *confidence that they have the skills to achieve the goal *a reasonable expectation of achieving that goal People work more efficiently when they have goals and targets. Therefore, if the targets are agreed and accepted by individuals, they should achieve goal congruence and motivation. Conclusion It will be apparent from this report that budgets serve various purposes and in some cases, these purposes can be in conflict and have a consequent effect on management and employee behaviour. Nevertheless, if controls are put in place that focuses on preventing undesirable behaviour, employees of an organisation would be discouraged from taking part in such actions. Budgets serve as a means of forecasting, planning, control and a channel of  communication and motivation. But, a good budgetary system should be designed to: *meet the objectives regarded as most important by senior management *provide information which is useful in meeting those objectives *Reduce the risk of unintended and undesirable behaviours. REFERENCES Drury, C. (2000) Management & Cost Accounting, 5th edition, Thomson Learning Emmanual, C. Otley, D. Merchant, K. (1992) Readings in Accounting for Management Control, Chapman & Hall Tayles, M. (01 Dec 1998) budgetary control – the organisational aspects Available at: www.acca.com [Accessed 7 April 2002] Welsch, G.A. Hilton, R.W. Gordon, P.N. (1988) Budgeting – Profit Planning and Control, 5th edition, Prentice Hall

Green Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Green Technology - Research Paper Example Cheaper energy saving and environment-friendly technologies are being proposed to ensure that new energy sources do not add to the pollution level and are used efficiently. This environment-friendly technology is referred to as the â€Å"Green Technology†. It is a process of producing alternative uses of energy that are less damaging to the environment. Alternative energy practices are hence, in demand to curtail the use of fossil fuels. Solar power, Biomass energy, Wind power, Green insulation are some of the examples of green technology that are being discovered and used (Sobha, 2007, pp.4-5). Green insulation is one of the measures of green technology that can be customized in homes which makes energy usage more efficient. The means by which today’s buildings are constructed are not only bad for the environment but also harmful to the health of people. Steel, cement and other materials that are required for the manufacture of buildings, use large quantities of energy , thereby releasing huge amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Also, many buildings use more energy than what is actually needed, in order to light or heat them or for operating machines and other appliances. Electricity is used from coal-burning power plants and oil-burning heating systems. Also the amount of water wastage is an issue to be considered significantly. Thus, to protect the planet from the harmful effects of energy usage, green buildings are essential (Owen, 2009, pp.7-10). Here lies the main emphasis on the thesis of this report which states that green insulation in homes can make energy usage efficient and protecting the planet from the harmful effects of energies. Green insulation in houses can decrease energy consumption and can prove to be healthier, cost efficient, and good for the planet. Green Insulation in homes: A boon to the planet: There are several benefits of living in green homes, which is why people, especially the Americans prefer more to take advantage of them. Green homes are healthier, cost efficient, and also useful for the planet as a whole. Through the use of natural or mechanical ventilation, the indoor air can be kept clean. Use of toxic-free materials restricts the indoor air pollution to an immense level. Plants are natural detoxifiers, and natural light is essential for such indoor plants; along with lifting up one’s mood. Green homes are also antimicrobial, thus protecting from molds or other microorganisms. The process of green insulation is cost efficient as living in green homes makes less use of energy and less water, hence more savings. They use high standards of building materials, thus maintenance costs are also low. Green homes are, now, in high demand which makes them more valuable in comparison to any standard home, thus lending homes may bring in higher rents. It is also expected that such homes would require lesser insurance payments than standard homes with the insurance companies providin g discount facilities on their policies. Green homes in the near future may be designed in a way that would be able to produce more energy than they produce, through different energy yielding techniques like uses of solar or wind power. Efficient water usage systems also enable green homes to make less wastage of water. Non renewable resources are used less in the construction of a green home. Recycled materials that are readily renewable are generally used for the purpose, e.g., Bamboo. As a result of recycling measures, green home